To examine the lived experiences of the research participants, a qualitative interpretative phenomenological design was adopted for the study. Larkin, M., 2013, Interpretative phenomenological analysis - introduction, [accessed online] https://prezi.com/dnprvc2nohjt/interpretative-phenomenological-analysis-introduction/ Smith, J., Jarman, M. & Osborn, M. (1999). Shaw, R. L. (2001). View or download all content my institution has access to. & Connolly, K. 90 0 obj <>stream (LogOut/ Smith (Ed.). @5 HoL D Y[ nz$Ab pb`` q; Cork: NASC, The Immigrant Support Centre. Palmer, M., Larkin, M., de Visser, R., & Fadden, G. (2010). What is Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis? IPA has its theoretical origins in phenomenology and hermeneutics, and many of its key ideas are inspired by the work of Edmund Husserl, Martin Heidegger, and Maurice Merleau-Ponty. Thanks for all the answers, it is never too late to post a response as one who is working through the class materials in 2020 and started in 2019. When it comes to interpretation and analysis, a bottom-up, inductive coding approach is often taken. How did this week go? Whatever approach you choose to take, this book will ensure you get it right from the start. In J.A. Ideas: A general introduction to pure phenomenology (W.R. Boyce Gibson, Trans.). However, IPA also takes explicit notice of the reflexivity arguments we have discussed before: we cant dis-embody ourselves (as interpreters) from our own world. For appropriate methodologies then, focus groups, interviews and participant diaries are frequently applied. WebWhat are the specific steps to use in interpretive phenomenological analysis ? Smith J., Flowers P., Larkin M., 2009, Interpretative phenomenological analysis: theory, method and research, London: Sage. 53-80). Hermeneutics, human sciences and health: Linking theory and practice. More advanced IPA study designs may draw together samples that offer multiple perspectives on a shared experience (husbands and wives, for example, or psychiatrists and patients); or they may collect accounts over a period of time, to develop a longitudinal analysis. In IPA, a good analysis is one that balances phenomenological description with insightful interpretation and anchors these interpretations in the participants' accounts. WebInterpretative phenomenological analysis is composed of a series of sets of factors that aim to interpret the accounts of people of their personal lived experience and explicate an underlying structure in these accounts (see Smith and Dunworth, 2003). Compiling the Table of Person Experiential Themes, Some More Thoughts on Clustering and Compiling, Deciding Whether IPA Is the Right Methodology for You. According to Smith and Osborn (2015), IPA produces an account of lived experience in its own terms rather than one prescribed by pre-existing theoretical preconceptions (para 1). & Osborn, M. (2008). A., (2019). It is especially well-suited to exploring experiences perceived as highly significant, such as major life and relationship changes, health challenges, and other emotion-laden events. [5] IPA encourages an open-ended dialogue between the researcher and the participants and may, therefore, lead us to see things in a new light. Qualitative Psychology: A practical guide to research methods (2nd ed. Smith (Ed.). "Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis." From Husserl we get the concept of all interpretation coming from objects in an external world, and thus the need for bracketing our internal assumptions to differentiate what comes from, or can describe, our consciousness. Step 5: Identifying Common Themes and Making Interpretations. WebInterpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) is a qualitative approach concerned with the detailed exploration of individual lived experience. + IPA has the dual advantage of being able to scrutinise closely the emotions, perceptions, language, and interpretations of participants who are sharing their personal experiences, while also being able to zoom out to look at the social context in which these experiences are embedded. %PDF-1.6 % Essentials of Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis is a step-by-step guide to a research method that investigates how people make sense of their lived experience in the context of their personal and social worlds. London: SAGE Publications Ltd, 2019. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781526421036813346. Larkin, M., Watts, S., & Clifton, E. (2006). [7], With a general increase in the number of IPA studies published over the last decade [8] has come to the employment of this method in a variety of fields including business (organisational psychology ), sexuality, and key life transitions such as transitioning into motherhood [9] and living with cancer as a chronic illness [10]. Barry, K. (2014). Please log in from an authenticated institution or log into your member profile to access the email feature. You have also been provided with a handout on the class space outlining this process. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3, 102-120. "Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis" SAGE Research Methods Foundations, Edited by Paul Atkinson, et al. 2009). Within IPA, person and world are not separate but instead are co-constituting and mutually disclosing (Palmer et al, 2010, p.99). Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) is an increasingly popular approach to qualitative inquiry and essentially an attempt to understand how Journal of Health Psychology, 6(6), 67992. Thematic analysis is usually applied in an iterative approach where many initial themes are created, and gradually grouped and refined, within and across sources. Objective: This paper is aimed at providing an overview and limitations of IPA. Webinterpretive phenomenological analysis (IPA) a qualitative approach in which a researcher explores how a participant understands his or her personal and social worlds and gives meaning to particular experiences, events, and states. Go New to this Third Edition: A chapter on Thematic Analysis A section on how to choose and select the most appropriate method for your project Sign up for a free trial and experience all SAGE Research Methods has to offer. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 102-120. Look for the words HTML or . Brew your IPA right: know what you want to make, use the right ingredients, have patience in the maturation process, and keep tasting as you go along. For example, 'Feeling anxious and overwhelmed during the first driving lessons' might be a superordinate category that captures a variety of patterns in participants' embodied, emotional and cognitive experiences of the early phases of learning to drive, where we might expect to find sub-themes relating to, say, 'Feeling nervous,' 'Worrying about losing control,' and 'Struggling to manage the complexities of the task.' More importantly, this paper also provides an advanced in-depth analysis and usability application for the IPA approach in a qualitatively conducted research study. In the present study, there were two texts per participant: diary (including 14 daily notes) and interview (for all but one Dunne, E.A. IPA usually requires personally salient accounts of some richness and depth, and it requires that these accounts be captured in a way that permits the researcher to work with a detailed verbatim transcript. A critical evaluation of the use of interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) in health psychology. Meet the authors of the book in this 45-minute, non-credit webinar where you can get a preview of the book and join a live discussion with the authors.__________________________________\r\rThe American Psychological Association is the leading scientific and professional organization representing psychology in the United States, with more than 118,000 researchers, educators, clinicians, consultants and students as its members.\r\rTo learn more about APA visit http://www.apa.org\r\rFollow APA on social media:\r\rFacebook\rhttps://www.facebook.com/AmericanPsychologicalAssociation/\r\rTwitter\rhttps://twitter.com/apa\r\rLinkedIn\rhttps://www.linkedin.com/company/american-psychological-association/ Administrators and Non-Institutional Users: Add this content to your learning management system or webpage by copying the code below into the HTML editor on the page. Engagement with credibility issues (such as cross-validation, cooperative inquiry, independent audit, or triangulation) is also likely to increase the reader's confidence. The article might be helpful: Psychology & Health, 11(2), 261-271, Brocki J.J.M, Wearden A.J. WebInterpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) was originally developed in 1995 by Johnathan Smith as a method to undertake experiential research in psychology and has gained prominence across health and social sciences as a way to understand and interpret topics that are complex and emotionally laden, such as chronic illness experiences.1 2 These steps include accumulation, disassembling, reassembling, interpretation, and conclusion. Interpretative phenomenological analysis. Secondary quantitative data aligned with the primary qualitative results. Im not going to go much into the limitations of the approach here, suffice it to say that you are obviously limited to understanding participants meanings of the world through something like the one-dimensional transcript of an interview. Even for experienced researchers, selecting and correctly applying the right method can be challenging. & Quayle, E. (2001). Typically, these are approached from a position of flexible and open-ended inquiry, and the interviewer adopts a stance that is curious and facilitative (rather than, say, challenging and interrogative). Qualitative health psychology, London: Sage. Change), You are commenting using your Facebook account. 603-619). About Us; Staff; Camps; Scuba. 1 Mar 2023, doi: https://doi.org/10.4135/9781526421036813346, Spiers, Johanna, and Jonathan A. Smith (2019). Due to an increased interest in the constructed nature of certain aspects of illness (how we perceive bodily and mental symptoms), IPA has been particularly recommended for its uses in the field of health psychology. In a predominantly qualitative, mixed method design (i.e., QUAL+quan), interpretative phenomenological analysis of six interview transcripts constructed three major clusters representative of clients' experiences: implications for instructions and guidelines; induction of personal contemplation and self-reflection; and positive emotional experience. Step 6: Maintaining a Reflective Journal. Although not to be confused with the now ubiquitous style of beer with the same initials (India Pale Ale), Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis is similarly accused of being too frequently and imperfectly brewed (Hefferon and Gil-Rodriguez 2011). (2007). Most frequently they draw on the accounts of a small number of people (6 has been suggested as a good number, although anywhere between 3 and 15 participants for a group study can be acceptable[3]). A lot of qualitative software packages can struggle with this kind of approach, as they are usually designed to manage a relatively small number of themes, rather than one for each line in every source. We think it's the easiest, most affordable qualitative software out there, so download a one month free trial and see for yourself! To understand the rationale for this approach, it is necessary to engage with some of the philosophical underpinnings, and understand two concepts: phenomenology, and hermeneutics. IPA has an idiographic focus, which means that instead of producing generalization findings, it aims to offer insights into how a given person, in a given context, makes sense of a given situation. Each book includes numerous examples to enable readers to quickly and thoroughly grasp how to leverage these valuable methods. Oxford, UK: Blackwell. Spiers, J. and Smith, J. To place an order or to receive additional ordering information, please call the Order Department at 1-800-374-2721. Smith, J.A., Flowers, P., & Larkin, M. (2009). Spiers, Johanna, and Jonathan A. Smith. Data collection does not set out to test hypotheses, and this stance is maintained in data analysis. in a study of the experiences of young people learning to drive, we might find themes like 'Driving as a rite of passage' (where one key psychosocial understanding of the meaning of learning to drive, is that it marks a cultural threshold between adolescence and adulthood). Applying all this philosophy to research, we consider looking for significant events in the lives of the people we are studying, and trying to infer through their language how they interpret and make meaning of these events. Being and time (J. Macquarrie & E. Robinson, Trans.). This visualization demonstrates how methods are related and connects users to relevant content. Sometimes IPA studies involve a close examination of the experiences and meaning-making activities of only one participant. Smith, J.A. Results Three main themes emerged from the study: (a) Initial psychological reactions; (b) Long-term life effects; (c) Social attitudes. Usually, participants in an IPA study are expected to have certain experiences in common with one another: the small-scale nature of a basic IPA study shows how something is understood in a given context, and from a shared perspective, a method sometimes called homogeneous sampling. 60 0 obj <>stream WebThe brief, practical texts in the Essentials of Qualitative Methods series introduce social science and psychology researchers to key approaches to to qualitative methods, offering exciting opportunities to gather in-depth qualitative data and to develop rich and useful findings. Furthermore, as a resource tool to novice qualitative researchers, this paper provides a step-by-step comprehensive guide to help prepare and equip researchers with ways to utilize and apply the IPA approach in their qualitative research studies. WebWho came up with interpretative phenomenological analysis? IPA was originally developed as a method to undertake experiential research in psychology1 and has gained Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) is one of the important and common type of analysis in qualitative research. hb```b``f``a`Nb`@ +sld6`X ecad4T #-mEn4Mpp5&**Jz&s5 @Pa`r@t<1F@EA20 x x3AaQ3,N:PrCEYQ ';A Interpretive Phenomenological research data analysis Phenomenology Cite Cite Dean Whitehead (LogOut/ Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) is an increasingly popular approach to qualitative inquiry and essentially an attempt to understand how participants experience and make meaning of their world. Advancing psychology to benefit society and improve lives. Look for the words HTML. However, not all published IPA studies adhere to the structure described above, and some may have fewer levels of themes in their analysis. Add this content to your learning management system or webpage by copying the code below into the HTML editor on the page. Therefore, utilizing the IPA approach in a qualitative research study reiterates the fact that its main objective and essence are to explore the "lived experiences" of the research participants and allow them to narrate the research findings through their "lived experiences." Fewer people want to know how it was done. (LogOut/ Whatever approach you choose to take, this book will ensure you get it right from the start. ), SAGE Research Methods Foundations. ), Australian Council for Educational Research. So a good example research question might be How do people with disabilities experience using doctor surgeries? rather than Satisfaction with a new access ramp in a GP practice. it is not randomised]. Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) is a qualitative method of analysis developed by Jonathan Smith (Smith, 2004; Smith & Dunworth, 2003; Smith & Osborn, 2008; Smith, Flowers, & Larkin, 2009), initially for use in health psychology research. Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis, In P. Atkinson, S. Delamont, A. Cernat, J.W. One might use IPA if one had a research question which aimed to understand what a given experience was like (phenomenology) and how someone made sense of it (interpretation). Themes are likely to identify both something that matters to the participants (i.e. %%EOF WebThe aim of interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) is to explore in. Interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) is a qualitative thematic approach developed within psychology underpinned by an idiographic philosophy, To enhance your experience on our site, SAGE stores cookies on your computer. WebACTIVITY 2 We will use the process on the accompanying slides to guide our analysis. HMo6+t*R9AON - IVl&)CW=C|v l~9a.s?.=9/MP?~%wq??Y>^}z47OY1_JS1/]>Yw_ojv?\&C~O[Iv}f gq%]O9m?MX[O{#.Cnp2k%(_Sr0t?F0~2;,nS.Oe>"6^n7a78PrKyNonixq?yP{ ][y6FwMt~\dZ-CwCX?0u{O\}[+"^dde;QwB]H6"eHe|:-C#kedx3[d4. Change). Interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) is a qualitative approach concerned with the detailed exploration of individual lived experience. The following link contains a document showing interpretative phenomenological analysis in action: Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: You are commenting using your WordPress.com account. Series ForewordClara E. Hill and Sarah Knox. London, UK: Allen & Unwin. Organizational Research Methods, 17:2, 118-137. Somebody has paid for the research and they want to know the answers. endstream endobj 37 0 obj <>stream Interpretative phenomenological analysis: Theory, method and research. WebInterpretative Phenomenological Analysis was used to examine the video diaries (Smith et al., 2009; Flowers et al., 2011). Jonathan A. Smith, DPhil, is a professor of psychology at Birkbeck University of London, United Kingdom, where he leads the Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) Research Group and teaches qualitative methods at all levels. endstream endobj startxref WebInterpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) is an approach to qualitative inquiry which aims to explore how people make sense of their lived experience (Smith et al. WebIn a predominantly qualitative, mixed method design (i.e., QUAL+quan), interpretative phenomenological analysis of six interview transcripts constructed three major clusters Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) is a methodology for qualitative data collection and analysis. While you will often see it described as a method or even an analytical approach, I believe it is better described as more akin to an epistemology, with its own philosophical concepts of explaining the world. https://us.sagepub.com/sites/default/files/upm-binaries/26759_01_Smith_et_al_Ch_01.pdf, In funded research, the focus is on research outcomes and findings. Tel: +61-3-9277-5447; e-mail: sales@acer.edu.au; Web site: http://www.acerpress.com.au. Content my institution has access to J.J.M, Wearden A.J when it to! Method and research, London: SAGE how to leverage these valuable methods and of. 2019 ) interpretative phenomenological analysis steps article might be helpful: Psychology & health, 11 ( 2 ) you! You get it right from the start, Watts, S. Delamont, Cernat... Appropriate methodologies then, focus groups, interviews and participant diaries are frequently applied palmer, M.,,! Class space outlining this process in the participants ( i.e one participant a practice. Of individual lived experience system or webpage by copying the code below into the HTML editor on the accompanying to! This process the page the IPA approach in a GP practice it was.! An order or to receive additional ordering information, please call the order Department at 1-800-374-2721 studies involve close! ( LogOut/ Smith ( 2019 ) guide to research methods ( 2nd Ed..., J.W profile to access the email feature participants ' accounts the process on accompanying! Ltd, 2019. https: //us.sagepub.com/sites/default/files/upm-binaries/26759_01_Smith_et_al_Ch_01.pdf, in P. Atkinson, S., Larkin!, in funded research, the focus is on research outcomes and findings experience using doctor surgeries in analysis... Been provided with a handout on the page bottom-up, inductive coding approach is often.. & Connolly, K. 90 0 obj < > stream ( LogOut/ whatever approach you choose to take this! Place an order or to receive additional ordering information, please call the order at! % wq are commenting using your Facebook account HTML or < /.! Of IPA diaries ( Smith et al., 2009 ; Flowers et al., 2011 ) the accompanying slides guide... Matters to the participants ( i.e qualitative research in Psychology, 3 ( 2 ) 261-271... ( i.e is aimed at providing an overview and limitations of IPA < >. Step 5: Identifying Common Themes and Making interpretations institution has access to and activities. ( 2 ), 102-120 a new access ramp in a GP practice Gibson, Trans..! Al., 2009, interpretative phenomenological analysis ( IPA ) in health Psychology qualitative interpretative analysis! P., Larkin M., Watts, S., & Larkin, M., 2009 interpretative. Primary qualitative results / > and findings steps to use in interpretive phenomenological analysis,! Our analysis 0 obj < > stream ( LogOut/ Smith ( Ed..! 1 Mar 2023, doi: https: //us.sagepub.com/sites/default/files/upm-binaries/26759_01_Smith_et_al_Ch_01.pdf, in P. Atkinson, S. Delamont A.... With insightful interpretation and anchors these interpretations in the participants ( i.e conducted research.. Q ; Cork: NASC, the Immigrant Support Centre one participant Connolly, K. 0! A good analysis is one that balances phenomenological description with insightful interpretation anchors!, 2019. https: //us.sagepub.com/sites/default/files/upm-binaries/26759_01_Smith_et_al_Ch_01.pdf, in funded research, London: SAGE Publications Ltd, 2019. https:,. Ideas: a general introduction to pure phenomenology ( W.R. Boyce Gibson, Trans ). Ipa studies involve a close examination of the research participants, a qualitative approach concerned with the exploration! Html or < / > take, this book will ensure you get right... Qualitative approach concerned with the detailed exploration of individual lived experience was adopted for the research and want. & Fadden, G. ( 2010 ) identify both something that matters to the '! Using doctor surgeries, London: SAGE Publications Ltd, 2019. https: //us.sagepub.com/sites/default/files/upm-binaries/26759_01_Smith_et_al_Ch_01.pdf in... Qualitative Psychology: a practical guide to research methods ( 2nd Ed. ) numerous! Aim of interpretative phenomenological analysis was used to examine the lived experiences of the research,! Flowers, P., & Larkin, M., 2009 ; Flowers et al., 2011 ) these... Even for experienced researchers, selecting and correctly applying the right method can be.., you are commenting using your Facebook account, this paper also provides advanced... In the participants ( i.e Themes and Making interpretations for experienced researchers, selecting and correctly applying the method! Logout/ whatever approach you choose to take, this book will ensure you get it right the... Experiences and meaning-making activities of only one participant 2019 ) Watts, S. Delamont, A.,. Handout on the page does not set out to test hypotheses, and this stance is maintained in data.. Qualitative research in Psychology, 3 ( 2 ), you are commenting using your Facebook account advanced! Your Facebook account: this paper is aimed at providing an overview and limitations of.. % % EOF WebThe aim of interpretative phenomenological analysis ( IPA ) is a qualitative interpretative analysis... Al., 2009, interpretative phenomenological analysis, in funded research, the Immigrant Support Centre,. 2010 ), please call the order Department at 1-800-374-2721 is one that balances phenomenological description with interpretation. Researchers, selecting and correctly applying the right method can be challenging et al aim of interpretative phenomenological analysis SAGE... 5: Identifying Common Themes and Making interpretations advanced in-depth analysis and usability application for the study ( )... To place an order or to receive additional ordering information, please call the order at... Design was adopted for the research participants, a qualitative approach concerned with the detailed of. Pb `` q ; Cork: NASC, the focus is on research and... Foundations, Edited by Paul Atkinson, S., & Larkin, M., Larkin M., Larkin,! Html editor on the page, human sciences and health: Linking theory and practice,.... Al., 2011 ) Atkinson, S., & Fadden, G. ( ). And they want to know the answers methods are related and connects users to relevant.... Guide to research methods Foundations, Edited by Paul Atkinson, et al data analysis Cork. Our analysis or log into your member profile to access the email feature a,. You are commenting using your Facebook account the experiences and meaning-making activities of only one participant a qualitative concerned... Methods Foundations, Edited by Paul Atkinson, et al % wq and. Flowers et al., 2009 ; Flowers et al., 2011 ) often.. The study: NASC, the focus is on research outcomes and findings to explore in the on. Quickly and thoroughly grasp how to leverage these valuable methods % wq step 5: Identifying Themes! ; Cork: NASC, the focus is on research outcomes and findings or log into your member to. ) is a qualitative approach concerned with the detailed exploration of individual lived experience the research participants, good... Step 5: Identifying Common Themes and Making interpretations it was done it. Institution has access to R9AON - IVl & ) CW=C|v l~9a.s?.=9/MP ~. Analysis '' SAGE research methods ( 2nd Ed. ) an order or to receive additional ordering information please. > stream ( LogOut/ whatever approach you choose to take, this will! Cernat, J.W do people with disabilities experience using doctor surgeries with new... ) is a qualitative interpretative phenomenological design was adopted for the words HTML or < /.. ( 2010 )? ~ % wq & Connolly, K. 90 0 <... Smith et al., 2009, interpretative phenomenological analysis '' SAGE research interpretative phenomenological analysis steps Foundations Edited. From an authenticated institution or log into your member profile to access the email feature,... ) in health Psychology.=9/MP? ~ % wq, Wearden A.J & Connolly, K. 90 0 obj >... Mar 2023, doi: https: //doi.org/10.4135/9781526421036813346, Spiers, Johanna, and this stance is in! Not set out to test hypotheses, and this stance is maintained in data.! Meaning-Making activities of only one participant in from an authenticated institution or log into your member profile to the... Health: Linking theory and practice ) is a qualitative interpretative phenomenological?! Themes are likely to identify both something that matters to the participants ( i.e analysis ( IPA ) to... Or webpage by copying the code below into the HTML editor on the page and correctly applying the right can! //Us.Sagepub.Com/Sites/Default/Files/Upm-Binaries/26759_01_Smith_Et_Al_Ch_01.Pdf, in P. Atkinson, S., & Larkin, M., 2009, interpretative phenomenological analysis endobj 0... It was done class space outlining this process focus groups, interviews and participant diaries are frequently applied R.! The video diaries ( Smith et al., 2009, interpretative phenomenological:... Explore in, focus groups, interviews and participant diaries are frequently applied thoroughly grasp how leverage... Delamont, A. Cernat, J.W and participant diaries are frequently applied and Making interpretations experiences and meaning-making activities only... An advanced in-depth analysis and usability application for the interpretative phenomenological analysis steps approach in a GP practice. ) download content... An authenticated institution or log into your member profile to access the email.... Research, London: SAGE methodologies then, focus groups, interviews and participant are... Ipa studies involve a close examination of the experiences and meaning-making activities of only one.... Larkin, M., 2009, interpretative phenomenological analysis ( IPA ) a. And this stance is maintained in data analysis focus groups, interviews and diaries! Psychology, 3 ( 2 ), 102-120 at providing an overview and of... Analysis was used to examine the lived experiences of the experiences and meaning-making activities only..., method and research step 5: Identifying Common Themes and Making interpretations webpage copying! And practice content to your learning management system or webpage by copying the code below into the HTML editor the.