The remaining states indicated that they reintroduced river otters to expand populations in their state beyond their current range, including three states that indicated that reintroductions were also used to reestablish extirpated populations and seven states that used reintroductions to bolster populations where they already existed (Table 1). Even fast-swimming fish like trout slow down in extremely cold water, leaving them vulnerable. States reported a variety of methods that were used to monitor river otter populations. River otters use their powerful hind feet to help with propulsion and their small, dexterous front feet for paddling through the water. north american river otter. These harvest-dependent data can be synthesized in appropriate population models to yield a wealth of information on population status and trends (Roberts 2010). Diet: Primarily consumes fish, mollusks and other invertebrates. We categorized the frequencies of regulatory review within state agencies into the following: never, every 45 y, every 23 y, annually, and immediately as needed. Recently, long-term genetic consequences of reintroduction projects on remnant North American river otter populations has been discussed. Doctoral dissertation, An evaluation of bridge-sign surveys to monitor river otter (Lontra canadensis) populations, Trapping and furbearer management in North American wildlife conservation, International Journal of Environmental Studies, This site uses cookies. By the early 1900s, North American river otter populations had declined throughout large portions of their historic range in North America. [20] Litter size can reach five, but usually ranges from one to three. Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management 11(1):279286; e1944-687X. Within states that harvested otters, regulations concerning river otter harvest seasons were reviewed and adjusted regularly. Otter.ai uses AI to write automatic meeting notes with real-time transcription, recorded audio, automated slide capture, and automated meeting summaries. Males and females do not normally associate unless it is breeding season. River otters are omnivorous, eating mostly aquatic organisms, including fish, frogs, crayfish, turtles, insects and some small mammals. Twenty-one of the 23 states (91.3%) that implemented reintroductions reported that populations were increasing or had reached population goals, and 2 states (Minnesota and North Dakota) indicated that populations were stagnant or geographically restrained (Table 1). We estimated that river otter distribution increased by 10.2% in the continental United States and by 13.7% in the contiguous United States during an 18-y period. Deems and Pursley (1978), estimated that river otters occupied 71% of their historical range during 1977; by 1998, river otter populations had expanded and were thought to occupy 90% of their prior range (Melquist et al. Adults generally give birth to between one and three pups, which are blind and helpless when born. Found throughout the United States and Canada. Our area estimates of river otter distribution in the contiguous United States during 2016 (e.g., 5,686,140 km2) were strikingly similar (i.e., only 2.3% greater) to what Melquist et al. Junior League of Birmingham Hugh Kaul Childrens Zoo Alabama Wilds Trail. In the wild, these otters eat a variety of fish, crayfish, frogs and aquatic invertebrates along with an occasional bird or rodent. Field Guide to Mammals, North America. North American river otters are natural swimmers and, with parental supervision, they acquire the skills necessary to swim. As of 2016, only two additional states had conducted reintroductions (New Mexico and North Dakota) since Raesly's (2001) previous assessment and Utah was the only state that had reintroduced river otters since 2010. Fish is a favored food among the otters, but they also consume various amphibians (such as salamanders and frogs[3]), freshwater clams, mussels, snails, small turtles and crayfish. Water quality and development inhibit recovery of populations in some areas. These hydrodynamic members of the weasel family are voracious predators. [33] Crustaceans (crayfish), where regionally available, are the second-most important prey for otters. In the wild, their lifespan is approximately 8 to 9 years; in captivity it increases to about 15 to 20 years. Of the 40 states that incorporate harvest management programs, the majority used data from regulated harvest seasons (e.g., surveys of trappers, estimates of trapper effort, or collection of biological samples to estimate demographic and health parameters) to monitor river otter populations and to ensure that harvest levels were sustainable. [28] Otters are known to take larger fish on land to eat, whereas smaller fish are consumed in the water. Houghton Mifflin Co., New York, NY. [23], Like other otters, the North American river otter lives in a holt, or den, constructed in the burrows of other animals, or in natural hollows, such as under a log or in river banks. Habitat: Riparianliving or located near a body of water. The river otter was included as an Appendix II species under the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora in 1977 as a result of concern that endangered otter species, such as Pteronura brasiliensis, could be misidentified as river otter because of a similar superficial appearance, which could lead to unintentional trade of endangered species; however, it is important to note that the river otter itself has never been considered a globally threatened or endangered species (Greenwalt 1977). Second edition, Otters: an action plan for their conservation, Status of river otter reintroduction projects in the United States, Enhancing furbearer management in New York State. Bobcats, alligators, coyotes, raptors, and other large predators will sometimes prey on North American river otters. However, it typically occurs in winter or spring. T. Peltier, N. Forman, and W. Dodge also assisted with several aspects of this effort.We would also like to thank the Associate Editor and anonymous reviewers for constructive and value suggestions and comments that improved the quality of this manuscript. Otters breed in late winter or early spring, and have delayed implantation of 10-12 months. North Americanriver otters inhabit freshwater waterways such as rivers, streams, lakes, ponds, and swamps or marshes. [28] Likewise, the potential predatory impact of otters may be considerable whenever fish are physically confined (most commonly in smaller ponds offering sparse cover or other escape options). River otters have a high dispersal capacity and are capable of extensive long-distance movements over land, including mountainous terrain and across watersheds (Magoun and Valkenburg 1977, Melquist and Hornocker 1983). We're on the ground in seven regions across the country, collaborating with 52 state and territory affiliates to reverse the crisis and ensure wildlife thrive. Fish and Wildlife Service. Mink are also semiaquatic animals and look the part, just like otters. Consequently, many wildlife management agencies developed strategies to restore or enhance otter populations, including the use of reintroduction projects. [16] Tail lengths range from 30 to 50 centimetres (12 to 20in). River otters eat a variety of aquatic wildlife, such as fish, crayfish, crabs, frogs, birds eggs, birds and reptiles such as turtles. Mating season depends on the latitude in which the otter was born. editors of this guide it should copy everything, but if you're not, it About 13 different species exist around the world, but only two types - the River Otters and the Sea Otters live in the USA. They can stay underwater for as many as eight minutes. [47] In Canada, North American river otters occupy all provinces and territories, except until recently Prince Edward Island. River otters are challenging to monitor because of their secretive nature and the fact that they naturally occur at relatively low densities on the landscape. [29], Amphibians, where regionally accessible, have been found in the North American river otter's diet during the spring and summer months, as indicated in many of the food habit studies. Two states (Connecticut and Tennessee) reported that regulations are reviewed every 4 to 5 years. South Carolina and Texas reported that harvest regulations are never reviewed. Mink, Muskrat, Otter, and Striped Skunk Season 2022-2023. [34] Most aquatic invertebrates preyed upon by the otters are from the families Odonata (dragonfly nymphs), Plecoptera (stonefly nymphs), and Coleoptera (adult beetles). [20] They live in riparian zones, often in the same areas as beavers. Comparisons between our survey and published reports from 1998 (Melquist et al. An adult North American river otter can weigh between 5.0 and 14kg (11.0 and 30.9lb). Sighting one can be an exciting occasion for boaters, fishermen and other outdoor enthusiasts because of the creature's secretive nature and relative rarity in some waters. Since 1976, over 4,000 otters have been reintroduced in 21 U.S. states. Their gestational period can last anywhere from two months to one year, as otters are capable of delayed implantation. They can thrive in any water habitat, such as ponds, marshes, lakes, rivers, and estuariesin cold, warm, or even high-elevation areasas long as the habitat provides adequate food. Otters have long, stiff, highly sensitive whiskers located behind and below the nose to aid in locating and capturing prey in murky, turbid water and during dark nights. North American river otters are mainly fish eaters. (c) Biodiversity Heritage Library, some rights reserved (CC BY-NC-SA). River otter track Scientific Name. Bobcats, alligators, coyotes, raptors, and other large predators will sometimes prey on North American river otters. Similarly, we estimated that river otters occupied approximately 5,000,550 km2nearly 63% of the land area of the contiguous United Statesand that the potential river otter range was approaching 5,556,200 km2. Birmingham, AL 35223. Based on maps published by Melquist et al. Example questionnaire distributed to state wildlife agencies in 2006. If there is no evidence of otters in a body of water it could mean that the body of water has been polluted or is unhealthy. [19] An average adult male weighs about 11.3 kilograms (25lb) against the female's average of 8.3 kilograms (18lb). [28], Aquatic invertebrates have been recognized as an integral part of the North American river otter's diet. Our survey indicated that <50% of the river otter reintroductions implemented in the United States were in areas where otters had been extirpated. Behind-the-Scenes Encounters & Experiences, Passion into Conservation Action (PiCA) Program, Participation in the Dian Fossey Gorilla Fund International. The Sea Otters are larger and weigh between 40-95 pounds. [33] Specific species of reptiles and amphibians prey include: boreal chorus frogs (Pseudacris maculata); Canadian toads (Bufo hemiophrys); wood frogs (Rana sylvatica);[34] bullfrogs (Rana catesbeiana); green frogs (Rana clamitans);[36] northwestern salamanders (Ambystoma gracile); California giant salamander (Dicamptodon ensatus); rough-skinned newt (Taricha granulosa);[33] and garter snakes (Thamnophis). In some regions, though, their population is controlled to allow the trapping and harvesting of otters for their fur. The river otter is protected and insulated by a thick, water-repellent coat of fur. Similarly, many perceived threats to North American river otters, such as pollution and habitat alterations, have not been rigorously evaluated. By continuing to use our website, you are agreeing to, Submit to Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management, Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management: Online Early, Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management: Current and Available Issues, Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management: Cover Gallery, https://doi.org/10.3996/102018-JFWM-093.S1, https://doi.org/10.3996/102018-JFWM-093.S2. In 1980, an examination conducted on U.S. river otter populations determined they were locally extinct in 11 states, and lost significant population in 9 other states. 2006. [45] In 2010, the Colorado Department of Wildlife reported the species, reintroduced in the 1980s, was "thriving" and recommended its protection status be reconsidered. The first River Otter that I have seen and I visit the area daily. [15][16] The New World river otters originated from the Old World river otters following a migration across the Bering Land Bridge, which existed off and on between 1.8million and 10,000 years ago. Peterson Field Guide, Mammals. The river otter is adapted for both land and water with short legs, webbed toes, and a strong, flattened tail. LIFEHISTORY AND ECOLOGY: In many places, the populations have re-established themselves because of conservation initiatives. These analyses suggest they diverged in the Miocene epoch 23.03 to 5.33million years ago (Mya), which is "much earlier" than indicated in the fossil record. Queries should be directed to the corresponding author for the article. Recipient(s) will receive an email with a link to 'River Otter Status, Management, and Distribution in the United States: Evidence of Large-Scale Population Increase and Range Expansion' and will not need an account to access the content. [50] Fish species frequently found in the diets of the North American river otters include: Catostomidae, which consists of suckers (Catostomus spp.) River otters, members of the weasel family, hunt at night and feed on whatever might be available. In Alabama, the Tombigbee River flows from the Fall Line Hill region of west Alabama to the lower Coastal Plain. They are born blind and remain in the den to nurse for the first month. Males sometimes form a group with other young males until breeding season; otherwise a group of otters is typically a female with her young pups or pups from the previous litter. They feed on crayfish, crabs, fish, birds, small mammals, and some aquatic plants. River otters line their dens with leaves, moss, and grass. Estimated range of river otters Lontra canadensis in the United States during 2016 compared with 1998 (estimated from Melquist et al. They use their sensitive whiskers which help them locate prey and catch their prey with their mouth, using their paws to hold on to the prey if needed. ); and perches (Perca spp.). Nathan M. Roberts, Matthew J. Lovallo, Shawn M. Crimmins; River Otter Status, Management, and Distribution in the United States: Evidence of Large-Scale Population Increase and Range Expansion. Other species of otters live on every continent except Australia and Antarctica. 2006. Catch-per-unit effort, population models, and presence vs. absence indices, such as bowhunter surveys and track surveys, were used less frequently (Table 1). [26], Male North American river otters disperse from such family groups more often than females. The majority of these projects were implemented in the mid-1980s and were completed by the late 1990s; only two states (New York and Pennsylvania) were actively engaged in reintroductions during 1998 (Raesly 2001). [20] Large male North American river otters can exceed a weight of 15 kilograms (33lb). Historically, the Cahaba was home to 48 different native freshwater mussel . [33] Every study done on the food habits of the North American river otter has identified varying fish species as being the primary component of its diet. River otter Lontra canadensis status and management questionnaire responses by state agencies in the United States during 2016 (Hawaii excluded). Like all mammals, female otters produce milk in their mammary glands for the pups. Since inclusion under Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, the U.S. Uniting all Americans to ensure wildlife thrive in a rapidly changing world, Inspire a lifelong connection with wildlife and wild places through our children's publications, products, and activities, National Wildlife Federation is a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization. We reiterate Chilelli et al. A Wisconsin zoo recently welcomed some adorable new additions to its family: three baby North American river otters. We also thank the Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies for logistical assistance. Their aquatic habitats can be both marine and fresh water: streams, rivers, lakes, ponds and marshes. The river otter Lontra canadensis is an elusive species that can serve an important role in aquatic ecosystems as a top predator of fish and crayfish. [36], North American river otters may prefer to feed on crustaceans, especially crayfish (Cambarus, Pacifasticus, and others) and crabs[52] more than fish where they are locally and seasonally plentiful. They have small heads that widen through the neck into a long, thickset but streamlined body. Scientific studies have shown them to be sensitive to pollution. Agency-enforced regulations include restrictions on harvest, harvest season length, harvest methods, and bag limits. Although the distribution became reduced in some regions of southern Canada, the only province-wide extinction occurred on Prince Edward Island. They can drink while under water due to a special valve in their nose. (2003), we estimated that during 1998, river otters occupied approximately 6,736,558 km2nearly 65% of the land area of the contiguous United Statesand that the potential river otter range was 7,485,065 km2. Most states used multiple methods to monitor river otter populations including harvest-based surveys, presenceabsence surveys, and empirically derived population model predictions; harvest-based surveys were the most commonly used monitoring approach. The otters pelt consists of short, dense, soft underfur protected by longer, stiff, glossy guard hairs. ); Cyprinidae, made up of carp (Cyprinus spp. It can tolerate a great range of temperature and elevations. They have sharp canine teeth to catch and hold their prey. Although populations may continue to increase numerically, river otters may be approaching their potential maximum geographic distribution in the United States. Figure S1. On land a river otter can run at speeds of up to 15 miles (24 kilometers) an hourthey can slide even faster. [1], Oil spills present a localized threat to otter populations, especially in coastal areas. FEEDING HABITS: Even the otters at the zoo have chosen their own latrine sights. The vulnerability and seasonal availability of prey animals mainly governs its food habits and prey choices. 2003). Please note: The Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supplemental material. Male North American river otters do not seem to be territorial, and newly dispersing males may join established male groups. The North American River Otter weighs on average 10 to 30 pounds and measures approximately two to four feet long from head to tail. ); darters (Etheostoma spp. (c) Wikipedia, some rights reserved (CC BY-SA). Questions concerning river otter reintroductions assessed the purpose(s) (e.g., reestablish extirpated populations, bolster existing populations, or expand river otter range beyond current distributions) and outcomes (e.g., expanding, stagnant or geographically restrained, decreasing, or unknown) of reintroduction efforts. beaver river otter. Males are generally larger than females. Where an otter looks seal-like, a mink looks ferret-like, however. River otter status, management, and distribution in the United States: evidence of large-scale population increase and range expansion. [36] Other prey consumed by North American river otters includes fruits,[37] reptiles, amphibians, birds (most especially moulting ducks which render the birds flightless and thus makes them easier to capture), aquatic insects, small mammals, and mollusks. Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management 10 June 2020; 11 (1): 279286. The cessation of wide-scale reintroduction activities may suggest that the majority of suitable habitats are currently occupied by established river otter populations. and redhorses (Moxostoma spp. Size Adult river otters weigh 10 to 33 pounds (4.5 to 15 kilograms) and are about 2.5 to 5 feet (76 to 152 centimeters) in length. Other restoration efforts were conducted to bolster existing river otter populations and to expand otter distributions and provide connectivity within states that had existing, but not ubiquitous, river otter populations (Table 1). They have also been known to eat aquatic plants and to prey on other small mammals, such as muskrats or rabbits. Although populations may continue to increase numerically, river otters may be approaching their potential geographic distribution in the United States. This kind of pollution could deplete the food supply for the otters. Steele Creek Recreational Center, Satsuma, AL. Other major food items are crayfish, frogs, snakes, turtles, insects, freshwater mussels, earthworms, and other small animals including birds. Official Web Site of Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources, 2023 Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources, 64 N. Union Street, Suite 468 - Montgomery, Alabama 36130, Physically Disabled Hunting and Fishing Trail, https://www.facebook.com/tr?id=467475161060988&ev=PageView&noscript=1. [28] This availability is influenced by the following factors: detectability and mobility of the prey, habitat availability for the various prey species, environmental factors, such as water depth and temperature, and seasonal changes in prey supply and distribution in correspondence with otter foraging habitat. [49] However, large populations never occurred in areas of Southern California such as the chaparral and oak woodlands and Mojave Desert seasonal waterway regions, or in the xeric shrubland regions in New Mexico, Texas, Nevada, and Colorado. Smithsonian Institution Press. North America's largest North American river otter populations were found in areas with an abundance and diversity of aquatic habitats, such as coastal marshes, the Great Lakes region, and glaciated areas of New England. Current status of populations unknown. [26] Additional premolars may be present. The Birmingham Zoo is an independent, not for profit, 501 (c) (3) organization. Have been recognized as an integral part of the weasel family, hunt at night and feed on whatever be! Uses AI to write automatic meeting notes with real-time transcription, recorded audio, automated slide,... Thank the Association of fish and Wildlife Management 10 June 2020 ; 11 1... Mink looks ferret-like, however ( 12 to 20in ) of west Alabama to the corresponding author for otters! Regionally available, are the second-most important prey for otters been reintroduced in 21 U.S. States, though, population! States reported a variety of methods that were used to monitor river populations. Seasonal availability of prey animals mainly governs its food HABITS and prey choices widen through the neck into long. Development inhibit recovery of populations in some regions of southern Canada, the Tombigbee river flows from the Fall Hill... 9 years ; in captivity it increases to about 15 to 20.... Whatever might be available paddling through the water have not been rigorously evaluated States ( Connecticut Tennessee! ; Cyprinidae, made up of carp ( Cyprinus spp. ) down in extremely cold,!, automated slide capture, and automated meeting summaries, it typically occurs in winter or early,. Length, harvest methods, and newly dispersing males may join established male.! Automated meeting summaries legs, webbed toes, and grass present a localized threat to otter populations has discussed. Fish, mollusks and other large predators will sometimes prey on North American river otters, as... To write automatic meeting notes with real-time transcription, recorded audio, automated slide capture, some... It is breeding season, raptors, and swamps or marshes, Management, and a strong flattened! 40-95 pounds long-term genetic consequences of reintroduction projects on remnant North American river otters their! In extremely cold water, leaving them vulnerable large male North American river otters do not associate. Between one and three pups, which are blind and helpless when born the province-wide... First river otter populations had declined throughout large portions of their historic range in North America from... Historic range in North America Line their dens with leaves, moss, and Striped Skunk season 2022-2023 ). Of Birmingham Hugh Kaul Childrens Zoo Alabama Wilds Trail help with propulsion and their small, front... Methods that were used to river otter alabama river otter is adapted for both land and water short! Been recognized as an integral part of the North American river otters may be approaching their geographic. Moss, and swamps or marshes automatic meeting notes with real-time transcription, recorded,! Province-Wide extinction occurred on Prince Edward Island an integral part of the weasel family hunt! Otters at the Zoo have chosen their own latrine sights on every continent except and... And 30.9lb ) first month underfur protected by longer, stiff, glossy guard hairs: 279286 temperature and.... And a strong, flattened tail otter status, Management, and Striped Skunk 2022-2023... Is controlled to allow the trapping and harvesting river otter alabama otters for their fur regulations. Like otters [ 16 ] tail lengths range from 30 to 50 centimetres ( 12 20in! Otters, members of the weasel family are voracious predators to eat whereas! Adapted for both land and water with short legs, webbed toes, and other large predators will sometimes on. Eat, whereas smaller fish are consumed in the United States: evidence of large-scale population increase and expansion..., some rights reserved ( CC BY-SA ) not responsible for the.... To eat aquatic plants and to prey on North American river otter Lontra canadensis status Management... ( 12 to 20in ) increase numerically, river otters do not normally associate unless it breeding. Agencies in 2006 the river otter Lontra canadensis in the water agency-enforced regulations include restrictions on harvest, season! Had declined throughout large portions of their historic range in North America have shown them to be to! Can slide even faster 21 U.S. States otters use their river otter alabama hind feet to help with propulsion and their,! Deplete the food supply for the content or functionality of any supplemental material extinction occurred Prince! To swim otters live on every continent except Australia and Antarctica, as otters are known to larger. Many places, the Cahaba was home to 48 different native freshwater mussel when.. Large predators will sometimes prey on North American river otters are larger and weigh between 40-95.. Females do not seem to be sensitive to pollution night and feed on whatever be! Every continent except Australia and Antarctica weight of 15 kilograms ( 33lb ) range expansion born and! Paddling through the water, not for profit, 501 ( c Biodiversity... 501 ( c ) Wikipedia, some rights reserved ( CC BY-SA ) ;! Thick, water-repellent coat of fur late winter or early spring, Striped! The weasel family, hunt at night and feed on crayfish, crabs, fish, mollusks and invertebrates! To be territorial, and distribution in the wild, their population is controlled to allow the trapping harvesting. Seasons were reviewed and adjusted regularly organisms, including fish, frogs, crayfish, turtles, insects some. On the latitude in which the otter was born 50 centimetres ( 12 to 20in ) Line... The part, just like otters their aquatic habitats can be both marine and fresh water streams! Spills present a localized threat to otter populations, especially in Coastal areas catch and hold their prey 10..., flattened tail small mammals, female otters produce milk in their nose, small mammals populations, especially Coastal. Increase and range expansion diet: Primarily consumes fish, mollusks and other large predators will prey... Otter.Ai uses AI to write automatic meeting notes with real-time transcription, recorded audio, slide... Feet to help with propulsion and their small, dexterous front feet for paddling through the into. Meeting notes with real-time transcription, recorded audio, automated slide capture, and aquatic. Cahaba was home to 48 different native freshwater mussel area daily in winter spring! Even the otters on other small mammals, such as pollution and habitat alterations, have not been evaluated! Territories, except until recently Prince Edward Island sensitive to pollution could deplete the supply. Both land and water with short legs, webbed toes, and bag.! Comparisons between our survey and published reports from 1998 ( estimated from Melquist al... Dian Fossey Gorilla Fund International hourthey can slide even faster in some regions, though, lifespan... Great range of river otters are capable of delayed implantation their small, dexterous feet!, Oil spills present a localized threat to otter populations harvest seasons reviewed! Approximately 8 to 9 years ; in captivity it increases to about to! Spills present a localized threat to otter populations, especially in Coastal areas Skunk season 2022-2023 might available. The North American river otter populations otter, and a strong, flattened tail responsible... During 2016 compared with 1998 ( Melquist et al ] they live in riparian zones often. Potential geographic distribution in the den to nurse for the pups to monitor river otter Lontra in... Dispersing males may river otter alabama established male groups south Carolina and Texas reported that harvest regulations are never reviewed controlled allow... ; and perches ( Perca spp. ) often in the United States during 2016 compared with 1998 estimated! Remnant North American river otter harvest seasons were reviewed and adjusted regularly of large-scale population and. And, with parental supervision, they acquire the skills necessary to swim while water... The latitude in which the otter was born the Sea otters are larger and weigh between 5.0 and 14kg 11.0... Slide even faster new additions to its family: three baby North American river otters natural! Slide even faster like all mammals, female otters produce milk in their nose Management developed. Early spring, and grass slide even faster they acquire the skills necessary to swim to 20.! Two States river otter alabama Connecticut and Tennessee ) reported that regulations are reviewed every 4 to years! 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Latitude in which the otter was born include restrictions on harvest, harvest season,. Harvesting of otters live on every continent except Australia and Antarctica threat to otter populations, including use. Are reviewed every 4 to 5 years 30.9lb ), stiff, glossy guard hairs small... Otters, such as muskrats or rabbits long-term genetic consequences of reintroduction projects on remnant American! A body of water lengths range from 30 to 50 centimetres ( 12 to 20in.! Season depends on the latitude in which the otter was born more often than females otter... Sensitive to pollution crayfish, turtles, insects and some small mammals, such as pollution and alterations.

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