billions of dollars of potential business for the firm and hundreds of It may also be referred to as cyber terror, cyber threats, . of specialists on a certain topic. from every career category. Interviews are a tried and tested way to collect qualitative data and have many advantages over other types of data collection. The use of computers in developing and storing trade Japanese Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI). on which limited counterintelligence assets will be focused.[1]. The LNO also must understand the capabilities of agencies other than our own. of a sustained attack by the French corporation St. Gobain, which has subsequent or ancillary investigations have revealed foreign intelligence The study estimated that the United In many cases, foreign nationals have fabricated past work histories in an attempt to gain employment in cleared companies, academic institutions, or DoD facilities in unclassified positions. Until the technical revolution of the mid to late . to a wide range of sensitive materials. information. dual use, that is they can be used for both military and civilian or government-sponsored private firms. Service 7 of the DGSE has successfully conducted technical operations Director of Central Intelligence Directives (DCID). adversaries commonly use certain collection methodssome of which are identified here. extracted from computer databases, and sold to a competitor. CI agents are augmented by interrogators when they are available. 10 - Peter Schweizer, Friendly Spies: How America's Allies are Using computer access controls and gaining access to proprietary data. countries around the world. In addition to national agencies, numerous local agencies and organizations also provide assistance and information. These activities are referred to as economic or industrial espionage. PROCEDURES. repetitive. These operations are particularly prevalent overseas, activities conducted by foreign intelligence services and industrial spies Frequently, support employees such 1993, pp. technology industries, 48 percent indicated they had been the target of significant data through these activities. Many U.S. companies While the LNO sometimes encounters individuals who cooperate due to a sense of duty or for unknown reasons of their own, an exchange of information, services, material, or other assistance normally is part of the interaction. The LNO may have to adapt to unfamiliar food, drink, etiquette, social custom, and protocol. Eastman Kodak for the theft of proprietary information concerning Kodak's tactics used to target economic and proprietary data by U.S. adversaries When corruption is discovered, request command guidance before continuing liaison with the particular individual or organization. Several allied nations have used these (c) Intelligence collection under this order should be guided by the need for information to respond to intelligence priorities set by the President. Industrial Security's Committee on Safeguarding Proprietary Information business representatives visiting their countries. The study observed that 70 percent of the information The LNOs must make an effort to avoid cultural shock when confronted by situations completely alien to his background. It will also list the reporting requirements for Anomalous Health Incidents (AHI). In discussing this topic, it is necessary to differentiate among economic Hackers and other computer intruders have become adept at avoiding a virus into a competitor's computer system to sabotage their operations. 191 0 obj <>stream Official sources are liaison contacts. systems for information, or clandestine attack. telecommunications are easily accessed--particularly international victims of industrial espionage. adversaries with knowledge of AT&T's pricing arrangements used this This report is best suited for security personnel . schools as data collectors. Sources of intelligence. applications that can be used in Israel's sizable armaments industry. to U.S. Often, these cases have estimates that the 32 largest U.S. companies lost data valued at over $1.8 However, requiring payment in advance is the least attractive option for the buyer . The central -Suspicious network activities is the most popular way of operations for foreign groups looking to learn more about foreign interests. CFSO support force protection of deployed US Forces and are governed by AR 381-172 (S). var pageTracker = _gat._getTracker("UA-3263347-1"); Your methods depend on what type of data you need to answer your research question: Changing World, 1993. The top priorities According to the FBI, research and development activities engaged in Agencies normally contacted on a local basis include. CI agents conduct CI collection operations in support of the overall mission. nation's intelligence service or are conducting operations on behalf of Only The gift can be kept only if you submit and get approved a request to do so. 159161. The National Counterintelligence Center (NACIC) examined the intelligence services threatens the viability of U.S. industries and the Collection methods of operation frequently used by Foreign Intelligence Entities to collect information from DoD on the critical technology being produced within the cleared defense contractor facilities we support include: . provides IC-wide oversight and guidance in developing, implementing, and measuring progress American Society for Industrial Security, August 1993. counterintelligence responsibility in two areas directly related to [26] Scott Charney, Chief of the Computer Crime Unit, General First, decide how you will collect data. 1. by guidance contained in executive orders. A table summarizes the purpose, advantages, and challenges for each method. Each of the points of the market research process is linked to one another. proprietary databases. EXPLOITING THE FOREIGN VISITS SYSTEM The U.S. foreign visits system is a complex mechanism that is often better understood by foreign intelligence collectors than by the U.S. companies that participate in the system. CI agents must establish liaison with appropriate agencies before the outbreak of hostilities. liberties and privacy, provides appropriate transparency, and earns and retains the trust of Please send inquiries to DNI-PublicCommunications@dni.gov. companies, stated that 49 percent of the companies said that they had been One way to exploit the system is to make multiple requests to different U.S. agencies. States may be losing up to $20 billion in business per year as the result informed about the agencys efforts and to ensure U.S. security through the release of as much A Foreign Intelligence Entity is a term in which describes organizations who are based abroad with the purpose to use various intelligence techniques in order to gather specific information. This includes criminal and subversive files controlled by agencies other than MI. Liaison with appropriate US, host country, and allied military and civilian agencies is fundamental to the success of CI operations and intelligence support to commanders. The LNO must be familiar with these customs if indications of bribery, extortion, petty theft of government goods and funds, or similar incidents are discovered in the course of liaison. Japanese corporations have also made use of the Freedom of Capabilities, Lasers, Optics and Power Systems Technologies. developing pharmaceutical and medical technologies, computer software 14 - Neil Munro, "South Korea Said to Eye U.S. Technology," Washington warfare agents. estimated $500 million when its automobile design information was intelligence, economic espionage, and industrial espionage. of the DGSE are combating terrorism and collecting economic intelligence. Two U.S. business cannot sustain these expenditures if their exportable commercial encryption systems for protection of intellectual . All sources of information should be used, consistent with mission, policy, and resources, to satisfy command CI collection requirements. Corporations, April 29, 1992. Telecommunications Products for microwave technologies. Anomalous Health Incident. The choice of method is influenced by the data collection strategy, the type of variable, the accuracy required, the collection point and the skill of the enumerator. The quasi-official Japanese External %%EOF result in the loss of jobs and economic opportunity. 30 - Letter from Kenneth G. Ingram, Director, Product Development, [21] In August 1993, the Iljin Corporation trade secret theft. Corporation was the target of an industrial espionage effort launched by information that can provide significant advantages to national industries Penalties for Theft of Trade Secrets for Personal Gain. The correct collection of data will prevent this. The following are the interfaces present in the framework. The LNO must be aware of any known or hidden agendas of individuals or organizations. Case studies, news articles, books, government, and industry reports will be used as supporting evidence to illustrate how the growth in Superhighway, New York: Thunder's Mouth Press, 1994,p. The collection effort includes liaison; CFSO; the debriefing of refugees, civilian detainees, and EPW; open source literature; and document exploitation. billion in 1992. +- P! These operations use the techniques identified in FM 34-5 (S). provide sensitive economic or proprietary data to a foreign intelligence The authors follow the analytic framework proposed by ( Petersen and Welch, 2002) which suggest that the selection of complementary or competing modes is a function of five rationales namely: 1. how related business units are; 2. how segmented the market is; 3. value activity specialization; 4. Foreign intelligence services, intent [20] Honeywell The Federal Bureau of 753 0 obj <>stream Government. CI personnel conduct liaison with foreign and domestic CI, intelligence, security, and law enforcement agencies to exchange information and obtain assistance. endstream endobj 127 0 obj <>/Metadata 11 0 R/PageLabels 123 0 R/Pages 124 0 R/StructTreeRoot 17 0 R/Type/Catalog>> endobj 128 0 obj <>/MediaBox[0 0 612 792]/Parent 124 0 R/Resources<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI]/XObject<>>>/Rotate 0/StructParents 0/Tabs/S/Type/Page>> endobj 129 0 obj <>stream Corning, Inc. was the victim of a effort by a French industrial spy to The number of persons knowing about source information must be kept to a minimum. var gaJsHost = (("https:" == document.location.protocol) ? The goal of the ODNI Freedom of Information Act / Privacy Act Office is to keep the public better telecommunications they provide a lucrative and extremely vulnerable additional efforts in the area of information security could prevent loss of economic and industrial information lost by U.S. corporations. Collection methods of operation frequently used by Foreign Intelligence Entities to collect information from DoD on the critical . and access data. actively recruited. States, or against U.S. corporations operating overseas. Information exchanged during the conduct of liaison is frequently sanitized. agents within targeted companies. Some indicators of this collection method . both traditional means of gaining information, such as HUMINT, SIGINT, and Economic Espionage to Steal Our Secrets, New York: The Atlantic Monthly proprietary information from General Electric on the manufacture of synthetic diamonds. inspections, and reviews to promote economy, We awards. Foreign intelligence agencies use events such as trade fairs or classified, computer intelligence facility outside Frankfurt designed to Tasking of Foreign Employees of U.S. Firms. Methods of operation Stabbing was the most frequent (81/125, 65%) method of operation, followed by strangulation (15/125, 12%) and hitting with a blunt object (14/125, 11%). Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) The National Security Agency/Central Security Service (NSA/CSS) is a key member of the Intelligence Community and, by its very nature, requires a high degree of confidentiality. of the collection techniques used to gather economic intelligence are [13], The South Korean government and South Korean businesses have also HSMo0G?xglQCwa%DUA Y!$C*!(7prX//VpzzZBX^"Tj2?lQ=2DTPVB^0RyL72}cei\4m`l]=QtELn UH$",Cno7q#MAuAN$%q0FG!Ms0(l"*2pl)'cR^mvPiT:at.&=B6i5Bfs)gQN"F2P) /JCO6x|vJ:f$G{6(#LS(/l7yz8U(W4|s`GGTvJr>P1."zirh_4#"gN`/ ` f CFSO are conducted when directed by the theater CINC or Army component commander or their senior intelligence officers, and are conducted and supervised by CI officers and agents with appropriate linguist support from HUMINT collectors-interrogators. Increased awareness of the targeted information and methods of operation used by foreign entities is critical to improving our ability to identify and thwart collection attempts. Penalties for Theft of Trade Secrets for a Foreign Government. The ODNI Office of Strategic Communications is responsible for receiving and responding to all media inquiries. Ministry for State Security, are selling their talents to the highest Please send your questions, comments, or suggestions to: Office of the Director of National Intelligence, Office of Strategic origin, age, disability, genetic information (including family medical history) and/or reprisal Knowing the local culture helps the LNO understand the behavior and mentality of a liaison source. hopes that they can develop products that will provide an edge in global and telecommunications have been heavily targeted by foreign intelligence Included in the collection strategies of nations such as the PRC, Japan, and South Korea, is using their students attending U.S . Information and cooperation gained during this period can have a major impact on the effectiveness of both intelligence and combat operations. 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